Battle of Hastings essays

Battle of Hastings essays Why did the Normans win the battle of Hastings? The battle of Hastings took place on October 14th 1066. It was between Harold Godwin and William the Duke of Normandy. William won for a number of reasons but here are just two of them. William had more men as well as having more time to prepare. King Harold did not have time to prepare properly for the battle because he had to fight Harold Hadraada and his brother Tostig at Stamford Bridge. After the battle of Stamford Bridge, Harold Godwin heard some bad news. This was that William had invaded. Harold had to march his men south very quickly. Many of his men were exhausted so he had to leave so he had to leave them behind. Some of Harolds best soldiers the housecarls had been injured or even killed in the battle so Harold had a weak army, which was mainly made up of farmers. On the other hand, William had more time for preparations. He had to wait a long time for Harold Godwin to arrive in the south, during this time William could prepare and make up tactics for the battle. After two whole weeks of waiting Harold Godwin eventually reached the south. As soon as William saw him the battle commenced. During the battle, the English fought hard and well but sadly not all was gained. William had more cavalry who wore chain mail armour and fought with spears and bow and arrows. This was an advantage to William because Harold had a few house carts and the rest were all farmers who he picked up on the way to the battle of Hastings, also Harolds men had to fight with spears and battle axes. The Normans eventually won by using an old trick of pretending to retreat. This old trick was pretending to Harold that they were giving up because they had been beating. The Anglo-Saxons were over the moon so when the Normans started to walk away Harolds men ran down Senlac Hill and started chasing them away but unfortunately William and his men...

The Principal Parts of Verbs

The Principal Parts of Verbs In English grammar, the term principal parts  describes the basic forms of a verb including the base or infinite, the past tense or preterite and the past participle. From the base form, one can derive the third-person singular -s form in words like looks and sees and the present participle -ing in words like looking and seeing, with some textbooks regarding the present participle as a fourth principal part of a verb. Irregular verbs may have three, four, or five forms, though, depending on whether or not a form is used for two or three form types. For all except the verb be, which may be unpredictable, the s- and -ing participle are always available and its alteration of the base acts predictably. Understanding Principal Parts of Regular and Irregular Verbs In order for new English learners to best understand how not to make mistake when conjugating irregular verbs, one must first grasp the concept of the principal parts of regular verbs. In most cases, verbs will change uniformly when -ed, -s, and -ing are added, keeping their original form spelling but changing the tense of the verb. However, irregular verbs, which defy the usual pattern, often change spelling entirely depending on tense, especially in the case of forms of the verb be. Roy Peter Clark uses the examples of lie and lay and run in The Glamour of Grammar: A Guide to the Magic and Mystery of Practical English. For run, Clark states, the simple past, we know, is not runned...the principal parts are run, ran, run. In this case, the irregular verb has its own rules. If you are confused about the correct principal part of a verb, its best to consult a dictionary. In the case of regular verbs, only one form will be given, but irregular verbs will give the second and third parts after the verb such as it does for the words go, went, and gone. Primary and Perfect Tenses The principal parts of verbs effectively carry a sense of time with their use, but the manner in which they convey  the action of the verb determines which tense classification linguists and grammarians categorize them as either primary or perfect in either the present, past, or future tenses. In the primary tenses, an action is considered ongoing, even if it occurred in the past or future tense. Take the verb call as an example. For the present tense, one would say today, I call, while in the past primary tense, one would say I called and in future would say I will call. On the other hand, perfect tenses describe actions that have already been completed. As Patricia Osborn puts it in How Grammar Works: A Self-Teaching Guide, verbs in this tense are called perfect because anything perfect is complete, and the perfect tenses stress an action at its completion. In the example of call, one would say Before now, I have called, for present perfect, I had called for past perfect and I will have called in the future perfect tense.